Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

Ephedra alata is one of the natural plants grow in AL-Salman Desert in AL-Muthana Governorate, Iraq and limited used in folk medicine. The most significance phytochemical constituents in plants are compounds considered antioxidants such as polyphenols. In general, the extraction conditions involving the technique employed and solvent type, greatly affect the anti-oxidant contents of herbal plants. The study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of some solvents like distilled water and other organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone as the extraction solvents on efficiency, extraction yield, and antioxidant activity as well as determine the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoids, and total tannins content of Ephedra alata leaves extracts. Overall the four different extracts obtained, the ethanol solvent exhibited the highest yield extraction, whereas methanol extract showed both higher antioxidant activity and total phenol content (TPC). Acetone showed lower antioxidant capacity and TPC compared with the three extracts. The obtained results are demonstrated that an increased phenolic content in Ephedra alata leaves extracts contributes to increase their antioxidant efficiency. Based on toxicity assessments, LD50 was measured (1150 mg/kg BW), this suggests the plant’s safety.

Since rhinoplasty surgery is performed under general anesthesia and the prevalence of this type of surgery in the Iranian population is increasing at a very fast rate, and on the other hand, because there is no accurate information about the systemic inflammatory response caused by general anesthesia in candidate patients. Rhinoplasty is not available. We decided to conduct the present study with the aim of reviewing the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with general anesthesia who are candidates for rhinoplasty.

Keywords such as General Anesthesia, rhinoplasty, surgical stress, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the Iranian and international databases by both authors of the present study with the help of Boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT) were searched and the obtained studies that met the criteria for entering this study were evaluated.

The most important topics discussed by examining the number of articles include surgical stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the role of immune cells in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the potential effects of cytokine release during surgery and general anesthesia, and the role of promoting cytokines. Inflammatory in systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by rhinoplasty.

During surgical stress, neuro-endocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune systems can be activated rapidly and potentially harmful consequences such as cardiac dysfunction, cardiovascular instability, endothelial activation, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and possibly immunosuppression. Enhancing endothelium function may reduce the incidence of excessive inflammation, immune system, and complement, as well as complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and multiple organ/organ failure.

Mucormycosis is a disease that is common in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus who have recently been infected with Covid-19, and it affects the nervous system more than other systems. This study was designed with the aim of examining the symptoms and complications of the nervous system in patients with mucormycosis. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases between December 2019 and the first five months of 2020. The search terms were: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, olfactory disorder, loss of taste, mucormycosis, neurological manifestations, diabetes mellitus, neurological disorder, eye disease, thyroid disease, and diabetes complication. In the initial search, 1259 articles were extracted, after removing the duplicates and evaluating the title and abstract, the articles with the necessary conditions to participate in the present study were selected, and general conclusions were made based on information in the various selected articles. Whether the findings of this study are sufficient to increase health literacy about mucormycosis and how much this information increases health literacy concerning mucormycosis should be determined in future studies. Given that the Internet is one of the most important sources of health knowledge in our society. Providing the correct information about the contents that are discussed in virtual spaces, especially about topics of interest to people such as traditional medicine and nutrition in the control of mucormycosis disease, can improve people's ability to evaluate the correctness or incorrectness of the information in these spaces.

Since the effectiveness of water therapy pre-rehabilitation exercises in people with chronic back pain and candidates for surgery as well as its effects on the results of laminectomy surgery have not been collected in a comprehensive study, it was decided to conduct the present study to obtain the issue of whether the hydrotherapy pre-rehabilitation exercises are effective on the electrical activity of central muscles in patients with chronic back pain who are candidates for laminectomy surgery, or not.

This study is a systematic review.

Initially, 66 articles were found. Reviewing the abstracts of the articles led to the removal of 30 articles, and from the remaining 36 articles, 28 articles were removed by reviewing the texts of the articles, and among the remaining articles, 4 articles were removed due to the low quality of the article, and finally 4 articles were included in this study and analyzed.

Water sports pre-rehabilitation program can be an important part of the comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with back pain.

Typhoid fever, a disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium known as Salmonella typhi constitutes a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing nations. The rising cases of resistance to existing antibiotics by this bacterium have necessitated the search for the novel drug candidates. In this study, a data set of some anti-Salmonella typhi pyridine-substituted coumarins were subjected to Molecular Docking-based Virtual Screening against the active sites of DNA gyrase of the bacterium using EasyDock Vina 2.0 of AutoDock Vina software. Prior to the molecular docking calculation, the structures of the compounds were optimized using the DFT method of Spartan 14 software to obtain their minimum energy conformations. The outcome of the Virtual Screening led to the selection of compounds 12, 13, and 15 as template molecules for the design of more potent analogues because they bind better to the active sites of DNA gyrase target with binding affinity values (ΔG) of -9.6 kcal/mol, -9.5 kcal/mol and -9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Subsequently, the template molecules were subjected to structural modifications leading to the design of more potent analogues with ΔG values ranging from -9.9 kcal/mol to -10.6 kcal/mol against DNA gyrase target. Furthermore, insilico drug-likeness and ADMET evaluation of the designed ligands revealed that they possess good oral bioavailability and positive pharmacokinetic profiles. It is hoped that the findings of this research would provide an excellent template for the development of novel drugs that could curb the alarming rate of resistance to existing antibiotics by Salmonella typhi.

Concerning the benefits of water exercise compared with dry land and the lack of presenting its results as a single study, we decided to systematically review the results of eight weeks of water exercise on back pain and motor function of the inactive elderly so that we can make correct and rational decisions in the planning and anomalies treatment related to the last decades of life.

The present study is a systematic review.

Initially, 51 articles were found and 25 articles were removed in the review of abstracts. of the remaining 25 articles, 21 articles were removed from the remaining articles due to the low quality of the articles, and finally 4 articles were included in this study.

Exercises in water lead to the reduction of back pain and improvement of mobility of inactive elderly people, and these exercises can be used to improve the back pain condition of non-functional elderly people

According to the world health organization (WHO) reports, cancer is thought to be the condition that causes the most fatalities after coronary disease, and by 2030, thirteen million deaths are anticipated to be recorded. In this research, molecular docking approach was utilized in designing more potent phthalazine derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The pharmacological properties of the designed compounds were predicted to avoid drug failure after production. Before the start of the process, the docking protocol of the algorithm utilized in this work was validated by redocking the co-crystallized ligand (Sorafenib) with the initial VEGFR-2 binding site. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) score computed between the superimposed complexes of initial and redocked poses of Sorafenib was found to be 1.03Å. Moreover, the binding affinities of Sorafenib (MolDock score = -144.289 Kcal/mol, Re-rank score = -113.368 Kcal/mol) were utilized as a yardstick for the adoption of lead molecules among which compounds 21 and 22 with binding affinities of -146.77, and -151.651 Kcal/mol MolDock scores and -115.096, and -115.757 Kcal/mol Re-rank scores exceeding that of Sorafenib were explored. Compound 22 was utilized as a design template from which five hypothetical compounds with binding affinities ranging from -159.014 to -169.245 Kcal/mol MolDock scores and -121.591 to -134.697 Kcal/mol Re-rank scores were designed via the introduction of electron releasing groups to the ortho- and meta-positions of the p-chlorophenyl group. Pharmacological profiling leads to the affirmation of the designed inhibitors as potential drug candidates with welcoming ADMET properties with no serious toxicity challenges.